You can read the interview here.

From NYSERDA:

The New York State Green Residential Building Program (GRBP) will promote green design and building practices throughout New York State by offering incentives to Owners of newly constructed or substantially renovated green residential buildings of fewer than 12 units. A green residential building is a structure that incorporates design and construction practices that can lower energy costs and production of greenhouse gases, reduce waste and water use, and improve indoor air quality.

Solar One in partnership with the Office of Recycling Outreach and Education will be touring Green from the Inside Out, a three-part workshop on recycling, energy efficiency, and rooftop possibilities for multifamily buildings, throughout New York City.

These workshops are designed to give building owners, shareholders, and managers the tools, resources, and information they need to green their multifamily building.  Look below for the workshop descriptions, to see the date and location of the next workshop, and to reserve your spot.

If you would like us to bring these workshops to your neighborhood, contact Celia Salgado at celia@solar1.org, or 212-505-6050.

6:30pm: A Survey of Solar Energy Roof Applications for NYC: Solar Thermal, Photovoltaics, Green Roofs and White Roofs

In this workshop Solar One will introduce, define and discuss the economic and quality of life implications of three solar rooftop applications that have considerable promise in the five borough area: solar thermal technology, photovoltaics and white roofs.

7:15 pm: Combating Rising Energy Costs with Energy Efficiency for Multifamily Buildings

Find out how to reduce fuel and utility costs while improving resident comfort and building performance. Solar One’s NYSERDA Energy $mart Communities Coordinator will present cost-effective ways for residential building owners and managers to make lighting, appliances, heating and cooling more energy efficient. Learn about the government and utility incentives that are available for your building, as well as the Community Preservation Corporation’s new Neighborhood Energy Loan Program that provides financing for retrofitting multi-family apartment buildings for energy efficiency.

8pm: Navigating NYC’s Recycling Landscape

Hear about new recycling laws and old misconceptions. Find out how to avoid fines, improve your recycling program and get your tenants to recycle.  Learn about other ways to reduce waste, recycle more and help make NYC a little greener. OROE is a program of the Council on the Environment of New York City.

WHEN:  Monday, January 25th

6:30pm to 8:30pm

WHERE: Sol Goldman YM-YWHA

344 East 14th Street New York, NY

RSVP’s required.  Send email to celia@solar1.org to RSVP

RSVP’d guests can arrive at 6:15 to speak with Vendors about products. Presentations will start at 6:30pm and run until 8:30pm. There will be breaks in between presentations to talk to Vendors.

Free!  Refreshments will be served.  Vendors will be available to answer any technical questions about energy audits, different roof applications, and recycling.

GREEN FROM THE INSIDE OUT is a product of Solar One, in partnership with the Office of Recycling Outreach and Education. This series was made possible by a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency.

For more info on the event, check out http://solar1.org/2009/09/28/habitats-for-artists-and-ecoartspace-at-solar-one/!

On Saturday October 3, 2009,  Solar One and EcoArtspace, one of the country’s foremost art organizations concentrating on ecological/environmental art, are pleased to present a day of workshops, discussions and performances about the artistic process, the environment, public vs. private space, as well as presentations from local artists engaged in environment-focused projects.

For much of this summer, sample “studios” from artist Simon Draper’s Habitats for Artists project have been displayed on the blacktop near the Solar 1 building on the East River south of 23^rd St. Throughout our events season, the sheds have provided a community space for concessions, a bulletin board, a studio for artist Todd Betterley and a conversation piece for the many bicyclists, joggers, fishermen and kids who regularly visit Stuyvesant Cove Park. On October 3 from 10am-12pm, Simon will demonstrate how to build your very own artist habitat and answer questions about the future of the Habitats project.

From 1-4pm, performance artist Chere Krakovsky will bring the personal into the Habitat for Artists shed in her performance “Mothers and Daughters”,  exploring how one generation offers its lessons to the next, both learned and unspoken.

In the first part of the performance Chere will honor her Eastern European grandmother by washing her laundry by hand in the way her grandmother did a century ago and will then hang it out to dry using the area around the habitat as backyard.  Following this she has invited her 86 yr. old mother, Dorothy Krakovsky to join her teaching Chere to sew by hand, which she in turn was taught to do by Chere’s grandmother.

In this piece as in many of Krakovsky’s performance works, the everyday and the creative co-exist.  The Habitat for Artist shed will serve as the home location for the everyday tasks of doing laundry and sewing.  Others are invited to participate in the sewing lesson or share in conversation about what has been offered/handed down to them from their mothers. Chere, her mother and grandmother are three generations of artists. The artwork of mother, daughter and grandmother will fill the interior of the habitat for the duration of the performance. Krakovsky’s own relationship to the domestic has complex. Much of her performance work revolves around her ever-changing notions of home, its location and meaning. Women, domesticity, creativity and everyday tasks converge. She is also helping to raise awareness that before it is too late there is much to be learned from those who have gone before.

Following the performance, environmental artists will display and discuss the projects they are working on, participants TBD.

Events at Solar One will be followed by the opening of Down To Earth at the EcoArtpace NYC gallery at 53 Mercer st, 3rd Floor. Artists include: Joan Bankemper, Knox Cummin, Stacy Levy, Ann Rosenthal/Steffi Domike, Susan Leibovitz Steinman, Simon Draper and the Habitat for Artists Collective, including Todd Sargood, Cathy Lebowitz, E Odin Cathcart and Jeff Bailey, plus additional Contributing Artists:
Jacinto Astiazarán and Fritz Haeg, Lenore Malen & The New Society for Universal Harmony, Eve Mosher, Andrea Polli and Chuck Varga, Andrea Reynosa/Kevin Vertrees-SkyDog Projects and Christy Rupp

Join the SIEDC and Solar1 on this fun filled day and learn how to live a happier, healthier and greener life in New York City!

The Staten Island Health and Environmental Conference 2009 will present the latest information on healthcare and environmental issues by industry experts and professionals, and is the first of its kind on Staten Island. The day long forum will consist of vending, seminars, panel discussions and keynote addresses. Free on-site medical screenings will also be provided! In addition, The Health and Environment Conference will demonstrate why a clean environment is important to a healthy lifestyle. Participants will also learn the latest ways to incorporate green practices into their businesses, homes and lifestyles and about the environmental impact of current practices.

WHEN: Thursday September 24th, 2009, 8:00am-8:00pm

WHERE: Hilton Garden Inn- Staten Island

For more information contact:  SIEDC at 718-477-1400, or visit SIEDC.org

Tonight’s Event is full. Space is still available for the 1/25 Green From the Inside Out.

Solar One in partnership with the Office of Recycling Outreach and Education will be touring Green from the Inside Out, a three-part workshop on recycling, energy efficiency, and rooftop possibilities for multifamily buildings, throughout New York City.

These workshops are designed to give building owners, shareholders, and managers the tools, resources, and information they need to green their multifamily building.  Look below for the workshop descriptions, to see the date and location of the next workshop, and to reserve your spot.

If you would like us to bring these workshops to your neighborhood, contact Celia Salgado at celia@solar1.org, or 212-505-6050.

A Survey of Solar Energy Roof Applications for NYC: Solar Thermal, Photovoltaics, Green Roofs and White Roofs

In this workshop Solar One will introduce, define and discuss the economic and quality of life implications of three solar rooftop applications that have considerable promise in the five borough area: solar thermal technology, photovoltaics and white roofs.

Navigating NYC’s Recycling Landscape

Hear about new recycling laws and old misconceptions. Find out how to avoid fines, improve your recycling program and get your tenants to recycle.  Learn about other ways to reduce waste, recycle more and help make NYC a little greener. OROE is a program of the Council on the Environment of New York City.

Combating Rising Energy Costs with Energy Efficiency for Multifamily Buildings

Find out how to reduce fuel and utility costs while improving resident comfort and building performance. Solar One’s NYSERDA Energy $mart Communities Coordinator will present cost-effective ways for residential building owners and managers to make lighting, appliances, heating and cooling more energy efficient. Learn about the government and utility incentives that are available for your building, as well as the Community Preservation Corporation’s new Neighborhood Energy Loan Program that provides financing for retrofitting multi-family apartment buildings for energy efficiency.

WHEN:  Wednesday, January 20

6:00pm to 8:30pm, plus post-event mixer!

WHERE: Central Park Arsenal

830 5th Avenue, Suite 318, NY

RSVP’s required.  Send email to celia@solar1.org to RSVP.

And from 8:30-10:00pm we are hosting a special event! Only on this special evening we will be hosting a Winter Networking Mixer overlooking Central Park! Invite your clients and business partners to partake in this unique networking evening. Find out what’s going green, and who’s going green in the Upper East Side! Entrance is free and drinks can be purchased.

RSVP’d guests can arrive at 6:00 to speak with Vendors about products. Presentations will start at 6:30pm and run until 8:30pm. There will be breaks in between presentations to talk to Vendors.

Free!  Refreshments will be served.  Vendors will be available to answer any technical questions about energy audits, different roof applications, and recycling.

GREEN FROM THE INSIDE OUT is a product of Solar One, in partnership with the Office of Recycling Outreach and Education. This series was made possible by a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency.

I figured we could get something going within a year. Boy, were we wrong. As we grappled with what was actually involved in making our dreams real, we spent two years climbing the solar power learning curve, and it was steep….

Amidst this welter of conflicting forces, our beautiful but innocent idea of neighborhood solar power was not enough. We needed expertise to give our project credibility with decision makers who could deliver real financial benefits for our members. So we scaled back our ambitions and started with smaller steps. We touted basic energy-efficiency measures to our members as the prerequisite for going solar. (Drafty windows and outdated appliances waste solar energy just as fast as they waste carbon energy!)….

From our experience, a solar cooperative has to educate and empower its members about the challenges of going solar, including:

• The costs and savings of a standard solar installation that will suit the needs of most members
• The relevant local regulations and permitting process for solar installations
• The federal tax credit for solar installation, as well as state and local incentives
• How to sell Renewable Energy Credits (RECs)
• How to talk to a solar contractor

It’s an interesting story and a good lesson in how life in the real world can be lot more complex than our idealistic visions.  That’s not to say we should all give up our dreams of a solar-powered future, but it’s going to take equal measures of persistence and patience to get there.

For more information on going solar in New York, check out our PV resource page, NYSERDA’s Power Naturally website and DSIRE’s list of available incentives for renewable energy and efficiency projects.

In this workshop Solar One will introduce, define and discuss the economic and quality of life implications of three solar rooftop applications that have considerable promise in the five borough area: solar thermal technology, photovoltaics and white roofs.  Note Location:  University Settlement, 273 Bowery (at Houston)

6:00 PM -  Navigating NYC’s Recycling Landscape

Recycling: it’s good for the city, benefits the planet and is required by law, but many find the reality of recycling challenging.  How does your building’s program measure up and how can you improve your recycling performance? 

Residential building managers, superintendents, board members and others will benefit from this presentation from the Office of Recycling Outreach and Education (OROE).  Hear about new recycling laws and old misconceptions. Find out how to avoid fines, improve your recycling program and get your tenants to recycle.  Learn about other ways to reduce waste, recycle more and help make NYC a little greener. OROE is a program of the Council on the Environment of New York City.

7:00 PM – Combating Rising Energy Costs with Energy Efficiency for Multifamily Buildings

Concerned about the increasing costs of energy in your building?  Green from the Ground Up presents a workshop for Energy Efficiency in Buildings that offers tips on reducing your building’s energy use while making an environmental impact.  Learn how to improve your building’s energy efficiency in lighting, appliances, and heating systems, thereby lowering your fuel and utility bills. 

In this workshop, Solar One’s NYSERDA Energy $mart Communities Coordinator will discuss government incentives available for your building such as the Multifamily Performance Program, and weatherization programs.  Vendors will be available to answer any technical questions, and to sign up your building for an energy audit.

8:00PM – A Survey of Solar Energy Roof Applications for NYC: Solar Thermal, Photovoltaics, Green Roofs and White Roofs

Over one million buildings make up New York City’s one of a kind built environment, and the nearly one billion square feet of largely vacant roofscape that mark its vertical border amount to what is perhaps our most underutilized asset.  Our roofs have an enormous potential to accomodate clean solar energy applications and therefore to address a number of our most pressing local energy challenges, including the urban heat island effect, escalating household energy costs, power failure, growing carbon emissions, and poor air quality.

GO GREEN LES Allen Mall 6 Green Celebration
Saturday, April 25th, 2 p.m.
Allen Mall 6 (Enter at Allen and Rivington)

Come celebrate with Time’s Up! and GO GREEN LOWER EAST SIDE as we bring one of the malls on Allen Street to life the Saturday after Earth Day!

The DOT has a bike lane redesign in the works for Allen St and we’re excited by the potential for revitalization on the mall in the middle of Allen St. 

Times Up! will be offering FREE Bike Repair Education, Helmet and Safety Checks, and FREE Seed Planting Workshops

Other activities and events include:
FREE Green Maps for all
FREE Energy Efficiency Assessments & Evaluations
FREE Green Jobs summer training for students
FREE CFL Bulb Giveaway

Also check out the Youth Photo Exhibit and Vision for the Mall and Avenue of the Immigrants Exhibit

Other Group Involved:
Solar One, NYSERDA Energy $mart Communities, Green Maps,  Win Win Campaign, Hester Street Collaborative, Green Market, LES Boys and Girls Club, LES BID, EcoBizNYC, NYRP, AAFE, Manhattan CB3, NYC Parks and Recreation

Also With:
Manhattan Borough President Scott M. Stringer, NYS Senator Tom Duane, NYS Senator Daniel Squadron, Councilmember Alan Gerson, Councilmember Rosie Mendez, Asseblymember Brian Kavanagh

Looking to reduce your building’s energy use, and need resources to help?  Join Energy $mart Communities Coordinator, Diana Pangestu, for a seminar on two of NYSERDA’s more popular incentive programs – the Multifamily Performance Program, and Photovoltaics Incentives.  Find out the in’s and outs of each program, how much incentives are available, and how you can start saving money today.  Get energy efficiency tips for your building and find out what government tax credits and incentives you may be eligible for.  For more information, contact diana@solar1.org or 212-785-0734.  Location:  Solar One Building – 2420 FDR Drive, Service Road East.

Solar One is the contract implementer of the NYSERDA Downstate South Energy $mart Communities Program.  For more information on NYSERDA programs, contact your local E$C Cordinator, or visit the websites:  

www.getenergysmart.org      www.nyserda.org     www.powernaturally.org

The urban built environment simultaneously shapes and contributes to many of our most persistent quality of life challenges while also embodying our greatest potential for achieving a sustainable society. In this lecture Jean-Loup Msika, the founder of Sustainable-City-Project, and Dan Heyden AIA LEED AP, will lay out ways in which we can begin to rethink the relationship of the city’s built structures to one another and to the enormous energy resources of the sun with passive solar design at an urban scale.

Defined simply, a green roof is what its name literally suggests it is: a roof that is partially or fully covered with green vegetation. However, the term actually encompasses a variety of different applications which, depending on design and scope, can afford property owners and whole communities a diverse mix of benefits such as increased energy conservation, habitat creation, local water quality improvement, and urban heat island mitigation.

In this discussion, local green roof designer and entrepreneur Marni Horwitz will make the case for green roofs in the New York City context, discuss the physical characteristics that distinguish different applications, provide local examples and review costs and available financial incentives.

Marni Horwitz is the founder of Alive Structures, a Long Island City-based green roof design firm.

“…Call it CSI: Thermal Police — energy experts armed with mostly low-tech tools but strong sleuthing skills, finding flaws that let the air inside a house go through a full exchange with the outdoors twice an hour, instead of once every two or three hours.

Correct those flaws, and heating and cooling costs are typically cut by 20 percent to 30 percent, a saving of more than $1,000 annually in some households. In addition, carbon dioxide emissions and the strain on the national electric and gas systems are reduced.

About 140,000 houses will be weatherized with public help this year, a total that President-elect Barack Obama has promised to raise to one million, to reduce energy consumption and cut energy costs for households and taxpayers, who often absorb those costs for the poor. This would represent a historic shift in emphasis for the federal and state governments, reducing poor people’s energy bills instead of helping to pay them. [NY Times | Full Article]

For more information about weatherization services or training in your community, contact the Community Environmental Center or Solar One!

Imagine 3.8 billion years of design brilliance available for free, at the moment of creation, to any sustainability innovator in the world.  Imagine nature’s most elegant ideas organized by design and engineering function, so you can enter “filter salt from water” and see how mangroves, penguins, and shorebirds desalinate without fossil fuels. Now imagine you can meet the people who have studied these organisms, and together you can create the next great bio-inspired solution.

That’s the idea behind AskNature, the online inspiration source for the biomimicry community. Think of it as your home habitat—whether you’re a biologist who wants to share what you know about an amazing organism, or a designer, architect, engineer, or chemist looking for planet-friendly solutions. AskNature is where biology and design cross-pollinate, so bio-inspired breakthroughs can be born.

Solar One’s Building Performance Training Program is wrapping up an incredibly successful session with Manhattan Comprehensive Night and Day High School next week. Working in tandem with technicians at the Community Environmental Center, Solar One’s parent organization, students are getting hands-on experience and training on how to assess the energy efficiency and overall building performance of single family homes here in New York City. Today we visited a residence in Prospect Heights, Brooklyn that qualified for a state-funded NYSERDA Residential Program. Students measured boiler efficiency, checked for moisture damage and practiced looking for air leaks using a blower-door test and other equipment. Their final recommendation was to increase insulation in the basement and attic cavities to make the building envelope tighter.

To learn more about our Green Jobs Training program, please click here. For more info about NYSERDA incentives and programs please contact our Energy $mart Communities Coordinator, Diana here.

Imagine if the earth were flat.

Not only would ships hurtle off its edges into the void; due to the limited angle-of-solar-incidence, days would most likely be shorter, darker and colder. Because less surface area would be directly exposed to the sun, less solar radiation would be absorbed by the earth.

The same principle applies to solar panels. The flat shape of the typical photovoltaic cell requires that, in order to maximize its efficiency, its position be adjusted to correspond to the shifting sun throughout the day. Solyndra, a California-based company that specializes in the design and manufacture of pV systems, is now applying this simple geometric principle to create cheaper and more efficient solar arrays.

Solyndra’s cells resemble the ubiquitous fluorescent lighting tubes found in many homes and apartments and consist of one smaller glass tube encased within another. The inner tube is coated with a compound known as CIGS (for copper, indium, gallium and selenide), which is used to make thin-film photovoltaics. The outer tube serves to keep moisture out and act as a solar concentrator, focusing photons onto the compound coating. Though thin-film systems are currently less efficient than traditional silicon-based systems, thin-film offers many advantages in that it is cheaper to produce, uses less material and can be deposited on a wider variety of surfaces. Many companies therefore are banking that thin-film solar will be the future of renewable energy. As Solyndra has discovered, its ability to be shaped into this tubular design makes the case for thin-film even stronger.

First of all, the tubular arrays can collect sunlight from any direction, even from below, so most cylindrical systems are placed on white-painted substrates in order to reflect light back up into the tube, as well as absorbing it directly from above. This allows these arrays to collect 20% more sunlight than standard flat systems, according to Solyndra’s estimates. In addition, the cylinders are easier to install and maintain, thereby reducing labor costs; traditional flat panels need to be carefully arranged so that they don’t shade each other, a time-consuming and labor-intensive process, and they also need to be tilted to follow the sun’s trajectory. This means that, not only can cylindrical arrays do away with automatic tracking systems that are expensive and can limit the system’s efficiency, but they are also less prone to damage caused by wind and exposure to other elements. This helps to alleviate one of the other drawbacks of flat-panel systems – maintenance and replacement costs associated with hurricanes and other storms.

Solyndra is currently targeting only commercial rooftops, but with improved efficiency and incentive policies, that will hopefully change; their systems are popular in Germany and Spain, both countries with progressive feed-in tariffs that help mitigate the start-up costs for solar installation. Their largest customer is Phoenix Solar, a German company that has contracts with Solyndra worth $1.2 billion. Among Phoenix Solar’s Solyndra-designed arrays are five prototype systems here in the U.S., including in California, Utah and Florida. If these tubes prove they can overcome the obstacles associated with traditional arrays, the iconic flat panel may soon be replaced by an altogether different shape.

Sources: “Cylindrical Solar Cells Give Whole New Meaning to Sunroof”, Scientific American;“Tubular Sunshine”, The Economist;“Solyndra, with over $600M in funding, finally shows its solar hand”, The New York Times; “Better Solar For Big Buildings”, MIT Technology Review; “Inside Secretive New Solar-Tech Factory”, Wired; “Measuring Solar Spectral and Angle-of-Incidence Effects on Photovoltaic Modules and Solar Irradiance Sensors”, Sandia National Laboratories; “”Effect of sun angle on climate”, Wikipedia; “Shading: Solar Incidence”, squ1.org/wiki/Solar_Incidence; “Earth-Sun relationships and insolation”, www.eoearth.org; www.solyndra.com; www.phoenixsolar.com.

Solar One is extremely proud to announce that we have been awarded the prestigious Holcim Gold 2008 North America Award (pictured) for Solar 2, the net-zero energy use building that will be constructed on the Solar One blacktop starting in 2009. Along with the trophy, there is a $100K prize. Projects with a high expectation of completion are especially valued in the competition, and Solar 2 was praised as “bringing the eco-building vision into reality”.

The awards are given by the Swiss-based Holcim Foundation to projects in  5 regions of the world. The top projects are automatically selected for the Holcim International Award, with the winner to be announced in Lucerne, Switzerland in May 2009. The winner of the International Gold Award is also awarded a cash prize of $650K.

Solar One Executive Director Chris Collins accepted the award Thursday night in Montreal, along with architect Colin Cathcart of Kiss+Cathcart and Nigel Nicholls of engineering firm Arup, thanking the Holcim Foundation for their support of the Solar 2 project. “We are excited to have received this prestigious international award,” said Chris Collins. “It recognizes the need for a building like Solar 2, particularly in NYC, where buildings account for 79% of CO₂ emissions.”

The centerpiece of Solar One’s Citysol festival this past June, Solar Pavilion 3 continues to receive accolades. The temporary structure, designed and constructed by Brooklyn-based Situ Studio, is featured in the Centerfold section of Interior Design magazine’s September issue. Assembled from slotted strips of plywood, the pavilion provided multiple uses during the course of the festival as a lecture/presentation space, bar, and shade/rest area for festival-goers. Like Situ’s previous pavilions for Citysol, this year’s incorporated organic, flowing forms that harmonized with the curvilinear pathways of Stuyvesant Cove Park and captured the general spirit of sustainability that is at the festival’s core. As always, all materials used to make Solar Pavilion 3 were reused or recycled.

Congratulations to our partners at Situ Studio for this deserved recognition. We can’t wait to see what they come up with next year…

The announcement is yet more evidence that Oregon’s incentive programs for renewable business seem to be working. Thanks to the state’s Business Energy Tax Credit (BETC), which provides tax breaks of up to 50% on capital investments of up to $20 million for renewable energy projects, solar manufacturers are moving there in relative droves. SANYO joins three other companies that shifted their operations to Oregon last year alone – German-based SolarWorld, and Solaicx and Peak Sun Silicon, both of California. All in all, a study released this past spring by ECONorthwest projects that the two energy tax credit programs combined (the Residential Energy Tax Credit program being the other) would “create nearly 2,100 new jobs, boost economic output by $178 million and cut energy costs by $60 million” over the next fifteen years.

The factory will join SANYO’s Carson, CA manufacturing plant and expansion at other production facilities in Japan, Hungary and Mexico to boost the company’s expected PV output to 340 MW globally by the end of 2008 and 600 MW by 2010. Among its other solar ventures, in 1997 SANYO introduced its highly efficient HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer) solar cells, which combine single crystalline cells with amorphous silicon to achieve an impressive 20% conversion efficiency rating. Also check out SANYO’s Solar Ark in Japan, the world’s largest solar-generating structure and a state-of-the-art science center.

Sources: press release (us.sanyo.com); Oregon Department of Energy; “Oregon Welcomes Yet Another Solar Maker, Sanyo”, earth2Tech;“Economic Impacts of Oregon Energy Tax Credit Programs in 2006″, ECONorthwest; “SB 819 Passes Out of House Committee by unanimous vote”, Pacific Northwest Energy and Sustainability Venture blog;“Sanyo to Build Solar Cell Plant in Oregon”, GoodCleanTech; “Sanyo chooses Oregon site for new solar PV ingot, wafer factory”, Photovoltaics International; “Solar Manufacturing Takes Flight in the United States”, US Department of Energy, EERE News; “Big Photovoltaic Price Drop Due to Large Silicon Supplies?”, FuturePundit; “PV Status Report 2007″, EU Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability; “Japan’s Sanyo to Build New US Plant”, AFP wire report.